Jurnal Farmasi & Sains Indonesia

Variation of Concentration of Combination of Starfruit Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) and Betel Leaf (Piper betle) Using Hydroextraction Method as Antibacterial In Vitro

Dara Pranidya Tilarso — 2024-12-28

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria are diseases that often arise in society. Bacteria that cause infection include Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Bacterial growth can be inhibited with antibiotics. However, some microbes have become resistant to antibiotics so that the use of antibacterials from natural ingredients has begun to be used. Star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins which are useful as antibacterials. Betel leaf (Piper betle) contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds which have activity in inhibiting bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of a combination of star fruit and betel leaf extracts. The method used in this study was the hydroextraction method with various concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Antibacterial activity testing using disc diffusion. The results showed that the combination of star fruit and betel leaf extracts had optimum inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100% with an inhibition diameter of 11.05 mm for Staphylococcus aureus which was strong and with a diameter of 9.17 mm for Escherichia coli which was moderate.

The Effect of Variation in Binder Concentration on Formulation and Physical Stability of Effluent Detergent Tablets from Lemongrass Leaf Extract (Cymbopogon citratus)

Valentina Girsang — 2024-12-28

Lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus) contain saponins that can form foam in water so that they are used as natural compounds that produce foam used in industry. The purpose of this study was to provide the effect of variations in PVP concentrations of 2%, 3% and 4% on the physical characteristics, physical stability and detergenation ability of effervescent detergent tablets of lemongrass leaf extract (Cymbopogon citratus). This study used the maceration extraction method with 96% ethanol and the manufacture of effervescent tablets by the wet granulation method. The results of the characterization and stability study of effervescent tablets of lemongrass leaf extract with variations in PVP concentration showed that the tablets met the requirements for characterization testing of effervescent tablets before and after stability. Based on the results of the foam height test on effervescent tablets before and after stability did not affect the high foam with the results of F1, F2, F3 after stability of 86.56 ± 0.34; 86.56 ± 0.34; 88.20 ± 2.28. This study shows that PVP affects the characteristics and stability of tablets but does not affect the detergent ability of effervescent detergent tablets.

THE VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SIBUTRAMINE HCL IN SLIMMING HERBAL REMEDIES BY UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Yuyun Febriani — 2024-12-28

Sibutramine HCl was known as one of the anti-obesity drugs known for its appetite-suppressing properties. The aims of this research were to analyze pharmaceutical chemicals content in slimming herbal remedies available in the East Lombok district market and to analyze the value and validation parameters for analyzing method of sibutramine HCl in these remedies using UV-Visible spectrofotometry. The method used qualitative analysis using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative method used spectrophotometry UV-Visible. The method was validated to meet the specified requirements, including linearity, Limit of Detection (LoD), Limit of Quantification (LoQ), precision, and accuracy. The results of this research were, in qualitative analysis, 2 out of 5 samples were identified to contain sibutramine HCl with a value of Rf of 0.78. The selected wavelength for sibutramine HCl analysis was 224.40 nm, and the respective parameters of linearity, LoD, LoQ, precision, and accuracy were (r) 0.9991, 2,406 ppm, 7,291 ppm, 0.446% RSD, and 98.92% recovery. Based on the results above, showed that using the spectrofotometry UV-Visible method in this research complies with the established parameters.

Optimization of Carnauba Wax and Paraffin Wax in Beetroot Extract Lipstick (Beta vulgaris) Using Simplex Lattice Design Method

Arsiaty Sumule — 2024-12-28

Decorative preparations, such as lipstick, are women's dreams. The dyes used in lipstick formulas must comply with safety standards because this cosmetic product is applied to the mouth area, which can be swallowed through food, drinks, or saliva. Therefore, natural dyes appear to be a safe alternative with minimal side effects. The abundance of beetroot in Indonesia can make it a potential natural dye in cosmetic formulas. The physical form of lipstick also needs to be considered because it plays an important role in the characteristics and stability of the preparation. Therefore, a wax base is needed in the lipstick formula. Formula optimization can determine the optimal ingredient ratio without trial and error, thus saving time, costs, and materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of carnauba wax and paraffin wax on the physical properties of beetroot extract lipstick and determine the optimum beetroot extract lipstick formula. This type of research is experimental by making eight lipstick formulas with variations of carnauba wax and paraffin wax and testing their physical properties, such as organoleptic, pH value, adhesion power, and melting point. The results were analyzed using Design Expert 11.1.2.0 software with the simplex lattice design method to obtain the optimum formula. The results showed the optimum formula of beetroot extract lipstick with a combination of 10% carnauba wax and 10% paraffin wax so that the pH value was 6.509, the adhesive power was 98.667 seconds, and the melting point was 67.931^oC. The combination of carnauba wax and paraffin wax affects physical properties, such as pH value, adhesive power, and melting point in beetroot extract lipstick preparations.

Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Ngemplak Simongan Health Center, Semarang City

Fef Rukminingsih — 2024-12-28

Hypertension is often asymptomatic and if left untreated can cause complications. Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. The blood pressure target for hypertensive patients with type II diabetes melitus (HT-DMTII) is <130/80 mmHg. The risk of complications increases if blood pressure does not reach the therapeutic target. Ngemplak Simongan Health Center, Semarang City has quite a lot of HT-DMTII patients, who undergo routine check-ups every month. This study aims to determine the achievement of blood pressure targets for HT-DMTII patients at Ngemplak Simongan Health Center, Semarang City. This study is an observational descriptive study using purposive sampling technique. The data used is retrospective data obtained from medical record data of HT-DMTII patients for the period August - October 2023. The inclusion criteria used were patients aged ≥36 years, receiving the same treatment for 2 consecutive months and having blood pressure data for 2 consecutive months. The data taken included medical record number, age, gender, blood pressure data for 2 consecutive months in the period August - October 2023, antihypertensives given and duration of use. From 62 patients, it was known that the majority were female patients 72.58%, aged >60 years as many as 58.06% and those who used antihypertensives for more than 5 years as many as 61.29%. A total of 59 people (95.16%) received single antihypertensive therapy. The most widely used antihypertensive was amlodipin (90.32%). There were 20 patients (32.26%) whose blood pressure reached the target.

Determination of SPF Value of Sunscreen Lotion from Multilevel Maceration Extract Result of Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.)

Serlyna Mutiara Dewi — 2024-12-28

Tamarind leaves contain compounds that have conjugated chromophore groups from aromatic rings such as phenol and its derivatives that can absorb ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 200-400 nm. Lotion is a form of sunscreen preparation that is comfortable to use because it has a lower oil content. This research aims to determine whether tamarind leaves extract obtained through multilevel maceration can be made into a sunscreen lotion with good physical stability and quality, determine the SPF value of each and compare them. Multilevel maceration is used to extract tamarind leaves. Solvents used are in sequence from non-polar, semi-polar and polar. Three formulas containing n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and 70% extract; and one more as a negative control. The three formulas contain tamarind leaves extract have the same concentration, 5%. Each formula is then tested to determine its qualities by physically. The SPF value was measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer instrument at a wavelength of 290-320 nm with 5 nm intervals. The research results showed that the lotion preparation with tamarind leaf extract had good physical quality and maximum ultraviolet protection category, with SPF value for Formula 1 namely 9,81±0,07; Formula 2 namely 11,65±0,17; and Formula 3 namely 12,32±0,52. Formula 3 has the best physical quality and SPF value among the other formulas.

Effect of Adding Concentration of Lemon Juice Extract (Citrus limon (L.) on Antioxidant Activity in Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Drinks

Margareta Retno Priamsari — 2024-12-28

Herbal tea is a drink made from leaves or flowers that are processed or processed as is done when making tea. A plant that is useful as herbal tea is the butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L). Butterfly pea flowers are a safe and natural source of antioxidants. Lemon fruit (Citrus limon (L.) is another plant that is useful as an antioxidant besides butterfly pea flowers. The high nutritional content of lemon fruit, including vitamin C as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are important substances for the body to maintain human health. This study aims to determine the effect of adding lemon juice extract concentration on antioxidant activity in butterfly pea flower tea drinks. Butterfly pea flower tea is made by brewing at a temperature of 70⁰C for 5 minutes. Lemon juice is made by squeezing using a lemon squeezer. The concentrations used in lemon juice are 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. Testing was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and the antioxidant potential was seen from the percentage inhibition value and IC₅₀ using UV-Vis spectrophotometric absorbance measurements. The results in this study were obtained using a linear regression equation. Lemon juice extract on butterfly pea flower tea has an IC₅₀ value of 60.792 ppm, while the value IC₅₀ vitamin C is 3,160 ppm. Lemon juice extract on butterfly pea flower tea is classified as a strong antioxidant. This shows that the addition of lemon juice extract to butterfly pea flower tea has an effect on antioxidant activity. The SPSS results of antioxidant activity in butterfly pea flower tea with the addition of lemon juice extract showed a significant difference with the antioxidant activity of vitamin C namely 0,001 (p<0,05).

Effect of Combination of Waste Cooking Oil and Stearic Acid on Aromatherapy Candle Preparations of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica)

Cristine Anggraini — 2024-12-28

Waste cooking oil is cooking oil that has been used repeatedly. Indiscriminate disposal of used cooking oil has the potential to pollute soil and water. If used cooking oil is not managed properly, it can seep into the soil and cause the soil to become infertile. Efforts can be made to reduce the negative impact of used cooking oil by converting used cooking oil into raw materials for making aromatherapy candles. This study aims to utilize waste cooking oil as a base material for making candles with arabica coffee aroma and to obtain a formula that has good physical evaluation results. This type of research is pure experiment. This research was conducted by making three formulas with different ratios of used cooking oil and stearic acid, namely formula I (1:1), formula II (1:4) and formula III (3:5). Data were not normally distributed (α<0.05) so it was continued using the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare between groups with 95% confidence level. Based on the evaluation of physical properties, namely organoleptic test, melting point test and burn time test, formula III showed good physical properties compared to formula I and formula II. Formula III (3:5) produced solid candles, no cracks, homogeneous dark brown color, highest melting point 55.33 ± 0.33 SE, longest burning time 253.45 ± 8.13 compared to formula I and II. The combination of waste cooking oil and stearic acid has a significant effect on burn time. Overall, the aromatherapy candle preparations produced have meets the SNI criteria for candle preparations.

Profile of Antibiotic Drug Usage at Pharmacy X Karanganyar

Risma Sakti Pambudi Pambudi — 2024-12-28

A drug is a compound that is used to treat disease. Antibiotics from the hard drug class can be obtained using a prescription from a doctor. The availability of pharmaceutical preparations is important in supporting public health so it needs to be managed well. Therefore, it is necessary to know the profile of drug use as a basis for making drug plans. The aim of this research is to find out the percentage of antibiotic drug use in Karanganyar x pharmacies. This research method is included in the type of descriptive research with retrospective data collection based on stock card records and sales records and prescriptions at the Rizky Peni Farma Pharmacy. The samples in the study were all antibiotics sold in January-December 2023 at the Rizky Peni Farma Pharmacy. The results show that the use of 6 types of antibiotics at the Rizky Peni Farma pharmacy in the January-December 2023 period was used as a sample. In Antibiotic Sales, it was found that the three antibiotics that were frequently used were Cefadroxil 500 mg (42.92%), Amoxicillin (20.52%) and Metronidazole 500 mg (16.27%). Over a period of 12 months, Cefadroxil 500 mg was sold to 182 drugs, Amoxicilin to 87 drugs, and Metronidazole 500 mg to 69 drugs.

Identification of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in Diarrhea Cases of Outpatients in UPT. Puskesmas X Kudus

Heni Setyoningsih — 2024-12-28

Diarrhea is still a health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Diarrhea is a potential endemic disease of Extraordinary Events (KLB) accompanied by death that often occurs in Indonesia. Drug Related Problems (DRPs) are unwanted events experienced by patients and actually or potentially interfere with the desired therapeutic results. This study aims to determine Drug Related Problems (DRPs) including drug selection, drug form, dose selection, duration of treatment and drug interactions in cases of diarrhea in outpatients at UPT. X Kudus District Health Center for the period January - June 2020. Non-experimental research with observational methods conducted by collecting data retrospectively and analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The sampling technique used was total population sampling by purposive sampling with clear and complete inclusion criteria for outpatient medical records with a diagnosis of diarrhea aged 0-11 years at UPT. X Kudus District Health Center for the period January - June 2020. The results of the study obtained 79 patients who met the inclusion criteria. This study showed that the most common types of DRPs were drug interactions (12%), drug selection (10%), and dose selection (8%). The amount of drug use did not significantly affect the incidence of DRPs in the drug interaction category (P = 0.019). The results showed that there had been DRPs in pediatric diarrhea patients at UPT. X Kudus District Health Center for the period January - June 2020.

FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL EVALUATION OF KARAMUNTING FLOWER EXTRACT SHOOTING PREPARATION (Melastoma malabathricum L.)

Shesanthi Citrariana — 2024-12-28

Soothing gel is a new cosmetic preparation in society with physical properties that increase the acceptability and effectiveness of therapy. Karamunting (Melastoma malabatricum L.) is a plant that is widely known in the Central Kalimantan region. Karamunting flowers contain flavonoid, alkaloid and saponin. The flavonoid in karamunting can be used as antioxidants. The aim of this research is to formulate karamunting flower extract (Melastoma malabathricum L.) as a soothing gel and evaluate the physical properties. The formulation method used variations of carbopol and HPMC with an extract concentration of 5%. Phytochemical testing of the extract was carried out using a tube test and total flavonoid using UV-Vis. The physical properties of the gel were tested in the form of organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity and adhesion tests. The total flavonoid yield of karamunting flower extract was 21.22% w/w. Organoleptic properties: odorless aroma, brownish red color, and cool sensation on the skin. The preparation is homogeneous and has a viscosity of 200-300 dpa's and an adhesive force of 10.50-21.24 seconds. So it can be concluded that shooting gel karamunting flower extract has good physical properties.

Effect of Roasting Kewer (Cassia occidentalis Linn.) Seed Extraction Method on Antioxidant Activity and Content of Active Compounds

Ria Mariani — 2024-12-28

Cassia occidentalis Linn. or kewer is a plant that is commonly found in tropical and subtropical climates. Cassia occidentalis seed extract is safe for consumption after roasting the seeds and extracting them using a water solvent. Drink from the roasted seeds of this plant is known as Negro coffee or Senna coffee. In Indonesia, including the Garut area, there are communities who usually consume boiled Cassia occidentalis seeds that have been roasted as a refreshing drink. It calls kewer tea. Cassia occidentalis seeds contain phenolic compounds. Phenol compounds are one of the secondary metabolites that have antioxidant activity. Behalf of that this research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of steeping, infusion and decoction of roasted Cassia occidentalis seed powder and to analysis the active compound content of three extracts. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazil) method, and active compounds were identified using LC-MS/MS analyses. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the roasted kewer seed steeping had the highest antioxidant activity compared to the infusion and decoction, with an IC50 value of 57.864 µg/ml. The results of compound content analysis using LC-MS/MS indicated 13 compounds in the steeping, 15 compounds in the infusion, and 16 compounds in the decoction. It is suspected that compounds that play a role in antioxidant activity in steeping include flavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes, which are lost or reduced in levels in infusions and decoctions.

Study of Sodium Bicarbonate in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Metabolic Acidosis

Sindy Andilusia — 2024-12-28

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a condition in which there are abnormalities in kidney performance, and occurs for at least 3 months. Metabolic acidosis is a disturbance of acid-base balance resulting in a decrease in plasma sodium bicarbonate concentration with a decrease in blood pH. Metabolic acidosis patients are characterized by (arterial pH <7.35, PCO2 <35 mmHg, and HCO3- <22 mEq/L [mmol/L]). Sodium bicarbonate increases plasma bicarbonate, and increases blood pH. This study aims to identify the pattern of sodium bicarbonate use in CKD patients who experience metabolic acidosis including type, dose, route, interval, and duration of drug administration at Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital. This study was conducted in the form of observational research by analyzing descriptively and retrospectively collecting data using Health Record data of patients who underwent hospitalization in the period 01 January 2022 – 31 December 2022. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that patients who meet the therapeutic targets are 23 patients (96%), indicated by the pattern of sodium bicarbonate use only used singly in all CKD patients with metabolic acidosis as many as 24 patients (100%), the most dose is (3x500mg) po as many as 20 patients (83%), with a duration of administration ≤ 5 days as many as 19 patients (79%). The suggestions that researchers convey are research that has been carried out, can be used as a reference and further guidance.

Quality of Pineapple Skin Simplicia (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) Result of Oven and Sun Drying

Norainny Yunitasari — 2024-12-28

Pineapple is a tropical plant and can help cure several health disorders. In general, pineapple has active compounds, such as alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids. The success of identifying the presence of the active compound cannot be separated from whether the sample preparation stage was good or not, one of which was the drying stage. This research aims to determine the length of the oven and sunlight drying process for making good simplicia and determine the results of organoleptic, microscopic, and water content tests. This type of research is experimental. The sample used was pineapple skin. The quality test of the simplicia uses organoleptic, microscopic, and water content tests. The study's results showed that oven drying at a temperature of 60⁰ was carried out for 1 day with a time of 10 hours and sunlight drying was carried out for 110 hours (22 days) with a time per day of 4-5 hours. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the simplicia from the oven drying method was dark brown and the sun drying method was light brown, in the form of fine powder, had a sour and bitter taste, and a distinctive aromatic odor. The microscopic test results showed the presence of parenchymal tissue, stone cells, needle-type calcium oxalate crystals, and vascular bundles. The results of the water content test from both drying methods did not meet the quality requirements of the simplicia, namely 14.2% oven and 15% sun drying.

Basil Leaf Extract Fraction Cream Formulation (Ocimum sanctum L) as Antibacterial Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Tunik Saptawati — 2024-12-28

Dermatosis vesiculobullosa is a public health issue that frequently affects Indonesian society and even the world. Current treatment often involves topical application of a cream to the infected area, utilizing chemical substances and traditional medicine. One of the plants that has antibacterial properties is basil. This study determined the excellence of hexane fraction cream made from basil leaves to kill Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. This experimental study used the maceration method with 96% ethanol is used for extraction, while the liquid-liquid extraction method for fractionation. The well diffusion method examined the antibacterial activity. The concentration of the n-hexane fractions is 15%, 30%, and 45%. The physical characteristic tests of the cream include organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity. The researcher conducted a one-way Anova statistical analysis using the post hoc Duncan test. Basil leaf cream with n-hexane fractions at 15%, 30%, and 45% concentrations has an antibacterial activity of 20.09 mm (very strong), 21.47 mm (very strong), and 22.43 mm (very strong) against Staphylococcus aureus. It has an antibacterial activity of 20.10 mm (very strong), 22.83 mm (very strong), and 23.76 mm. The cream formulations with 30% and 45% n-hexane fraction effective at stopping the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05).

ETHNOPHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF THE USE OF PLANTS WITH HEALING PROPERTIES FOR WOUNDS BY COMMUNITIES OF BADUY, LEBAK, BANTEN.

Kharisma Dewi Fadia Susanti — 2024-12-28

Indonesian people use a lot of traditional medicinal plants as wound healers, one of them is the Baduy tribe. The use of medicinal plants in the Baduy tribe has not been well invented. This research aims to find out about the nutritious plants, how to soften and the use of plants as wound healers in the Baduy tribe.The research uses qualitative, quantitative methods and snowball sampling techniques with open-ended interviews to obtain data on medicinal plants that are useful as wound healers. The data obtained was processed using bioprospective analysis to find UV and ICF values. The most commonly used plants are rumput jariji, mata ayam, jarak jintir, pakis merak, and pacing tawar. The most common types of wounds suffered by the Baduy tribe were scratch wounds, dry wounds or scratches, bone fractures, scorpion bites, insect bite wounds. Methods of grinding and use on some plants by stopping, smoothing, peeling, diolizing or gluing directly to the skin. The highest Use Value value is rumput jariji with a number 1 as wound healing and the highest or most frequently experienced Informant concensus factor value by the Baduy tribe obtained a number of 0.66 which is wound from sharp objects.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Lamtoro Seed Skin (Leucaena leucocephala) against Propionibacterium acnes

Atalia Tamo Ina Bulu — 2024-12-28

Acne is an inflammation that is accompanied by blockage of the ducts of the skin’s oil glands (sebum) and hair (pilosebaceous ducts). Propionibacterium acnes is one of the bacteria that contribute to acne. Some natural ingredients such as lamtoro seed husk have flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins which are antibacterial compounds that inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract from lamtoro seed husk which is effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Lamtoro seed husk (Leucaena leucocephala) was extracted by remaceration method using ethyl acetate solvent. Phytochemical identification is done qualitatively through color reaction with appropriate reagents confirmed by the TLC test.

The results of the analysis showed that ethyl acetate extract of lamtoro seed husk had antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with the average diameter of the inhibition zone in the 15%, 20%, and 25% extract concentrations series of 1,454 mm, 3,313 mm, and 5,763 mm. Based on this study, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the concentration of ethyl acetate extract of lamtoro seed husk on the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes, the greater the concentration of the extract, the greater the diameter of the inhibition zone.

Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Renggak Leaves (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Using the ABTS Method

Ni Nyoman Radiartini — 2024-12-28

Renggak leaves (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, which act as antioxidants. Previous research has shown that ethanol extract of renggak leaves has moderate antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. However, research on the antioxidant activity of the extract is limited, thus further investigation at the fraction level is needed. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite content and antioxidant activity using the ABTS method (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of renggak leaves. The renggak leaf samples were extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol (1:10), followed by fractionation with water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate using a separatory funnel (1:1). Secondary metabolite screening was conducted on the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Antioxidant activity was measured based on the reduction in absorbance at the ABTS maximum wavelength, expressed as IC₅₀ (inhibitory concentration 50%) values, with ascorbic acid as a comparison. The secondary metabolite screening results indicated that both the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of renggak leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was very weak with an IC₅₀value of 236.11 ppm, whereas the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was strong with an IC₅₀ value of 86,95 ppm, compared to the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid with an IC50 value of 10,00 ppm.

Fibrinolytic Enzyme Activity Test of Fermented Jack Bean (Mucuna Pruriens) Food by In Vitro Clot Lysis Method

Bayu Aji Pamungkas — 2024-12-28

Fibrinolytic enzymes are a group of serine proteases that can destroy blood clots (fibrin) in various thrombosis diseases. This study aims to determine the activity of fibrinolytic enzymes contained in jack bean tempeh using the in vitro clot lysis method. First, crude extraction of the jack bean tempeh enzyme was carried out by centrifugation to produce pellets and supernatants. Then purification using 70% ammonium sulfate salt, determination of enzyme protein levels using the Lowry method and fibrinolytic potential testing using the in vitro clot lysis method. The variations in extract concentrations used in the test were 12.5; 25; 50 and 100% with positive control Natokinase and negative control aquadest. This study showed the results of pellets after purification as much as 26.78 gr. Then it also showed an increase in protein level activity between before purification 22,515 µg / mL and after purification 27,215 µg / mL. In vitro clot lysis testing was carried out with several variations showing the most optimal variation in destroying blood clots was at 100% variation after purification with a lysis percentage of 61%. The most optimal results were also in the Two Way Anova test with a value of 63,592 samples after 100% concentration purification.

IMPLEMENTATION OF DRUG SALES AND PURCHASE INFORMATION SYSTEM AT PHARMACY X SEMARANG

Eleonora Maryeta Toyo — 2024-12-28

Information systems play an important role in managing and supporting various operational activities, including the process of selling and purchasing drugs. At X Pharmacy Semarang, the system has been computer-based with the use of the SID Apotek PRO application. This application is expected to assist pharmaceutical officers in carrying out the drug sales and purchase system and improve the quality of service to customers. This study aims to understand the drug sales and purchase information system at X Semarang Pharmacy. The methodology used was non-experimental qualitative descriptive research with the research population involving all pharmaceutical officers. The total sampling technique was applied with the entire population being the research sample.

The results showed that the information system has not yet supported the drug purchasing process, but can already be used for drug sales. This indicates that the implementation of a drug sales information system helps improve the efficiency of services to patients.

A EFFECTIVENESS OF INSULIN THERAPY ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND HbA1c OF DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT X GENERAL HOSPITAL, SOUTH JAKARTA

Gina Aulia — 2024-12-28

Diabetes mellitus is a serious and chronic condition. Diabetes mellitus patients often experience serious acute and chronic complications, even causing death. South Jakarta has the 4th highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus, namely 2.83%. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of insulin therapy by examining differences in blood glucose and HbA1c after 4 months and 8 months of therapy in diabetes mellitus patients. The research method in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis with a cohort retrospective approach. The sample in this study was 92 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy who had their HbA1c checked with blood glucose routinely in 2023 taken using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that most patients were in the 56-65 years age group (45.7%), the most common gender was female (57.6%), and 76.1% of patients had comorbidities. The most widely used insulin therapy is a combination of Rapid acting and Long acting insulin (63%). The conclusion in this study was that there was no significant difference in either blood glucose levels after 4 months of therapy (P=0.442) or blood glucose levels after 8 months of therapy (P=0.148), compared with 1st month blood glucose, and there was a difference significant both HbA1c levels after 4 months of therapy (P=0.000) and HbA1c levels after 8 months of therapy (P=0.000), compared with HbA1c in the 1 month

MEMORY ACTIVITY OF HORSE HORSE LEAF EXTRACT (Stachtarpheta jamaicensis L. (Vahl) ON WHITE MICE (Mus musculus) USING THE RADIAL ARM MAZE METHOD

Anita Dwi Septiarini — 2024-12-28

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. Horse whip leaves contain flavonoid compounds which are widely used both in physiological aging studies and in rat model research, to research the cure of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of giving horse whip leaf extract and the effective dose of horse whip leaf extract in improving the memory power of mice. Horse whip leaf extract was extracted using 96% ethanol solvent by maceration method. Memory activity testing was carried out on male mice which were divided into 5 groups, namely the negative control group, the positive control group, the horse whip leaf extract test group at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg BW. The test was carried out using the radial arm maze method. The results showed that horse whip leaf extract had memory enhancing activity. Test animals that have been induced given treatment are known to experience a decrease in latency time which can be stated as test animals experience an increase in memory activity. The effective extract dose was a dose of 20 mg/kgBW with a difference in latency time of 49.80 second.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF COMBINATION OF GREEN TEA LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Camellia Sinensis L.) WITH RED DRAGON FRUIT SKIN ETHANOL EXTRACT (Hylocereus polyrhizus) USING DPPH METHOD

Galuh Sekar Rahma Illah — 2024-12-28

Red dragon plant (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and green tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) are plants that have benefits as antioxidants. Antioxidant compounds are able to reduce free radicals so that they become harmless substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential antioxidant activity of the combination of green tea leaves and red dragon fruit peels by making three comparisons, namely 1:1, 1:2, 2:1. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent to obtain a thick extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, then the viscous extract was made into 3 combination variations, namely 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. In testing the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method spectrophotometrically. The results of data on the percentage of antioxidant activity were tatistically analyzed using SPSS with the one way ANOVA method. The research results show that the combination of green tea leaves and red dragon skin has strong antioxidant activity. The IC₅₀ value at a 1:1 ratio is 13.25 ppm, at a 1:2 ratio is 12.15 ppm, and at a 2:1 ratio is 11.40 ppm. The 2:1 ratio is the strongest combination.

Exploration of Tolaki Tribe's Knowledge on the Use of Plants as Medicine in Iwoimendaa, Ladahai, Lambopini, Lawolia, Tamborasi, Ulukalo and Watumelewe Villages, Iwoimendaa District, Kolaka Regency

Safaruddin Safaruddin — 2024-12-28

Biodiversity has value in the health sector, one of which is in the use of plants as medicine. Medicinal plants are closely related to traditional medicine by local communities. Exploration of local knowledge regarding the use of natural materials as medicines is carried out in order to obtain information about data on traditional herbal medicines used by ethnic groups in Indonesia. The Tolaki tribe is one of the ethnic groups that are widely spread in the province of Southeast Sulawesi, including in the Iwoimendaa sub-district, Kolaka district. This study aims to explore local knowledge related to the types of medicinal plants, parts of plants used as medicine and how to process plants as medicine by the Tolaki tribe in the villages of Iwoimendaa, Ladahai, Lambopini, Lawolia, Tamborasi, Ulukalo and Watumelewe, Iwoimendaa sub-district, Kolaka district. The results of the study showed that the diversity of plant species based on the families used by the Tolaki tribe in the Iwoimendaa sub-district consisted of 68 species and 41 families, where the most widely used were from the Zingiberaceae family. The most widely used parts of the plant are the leaves, followed by the fruit, rhizome, herbs, tubers, roots, exudates/sap, stems and seeds. The most common way of processing plants is boiling. Other processing methods include brewing, grating, pounding, chewing, smearing, dripping, kneading, applying, sticking, squeezing and without mixing.

Effectiveness Test of Anti-Aging Cream Ethanol Extract of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack Root on the Back Skin of Albino Rabbits Exposed to UV-A Rays

Ismi Puspitasari — 2024-12-28

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) root, rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-aging properties, was formulated into an anti-aging cream. This study aimed to meet physical quality standards and evaluate in-vivo efficacy on rabbit dorsal skin exposed to UV-A radiation. The root extract, prepared through maceration, was formulated into creams at concentrations of 1.5%, 3%, and 6%, meeting physical quality criteria. Anti-aging effectiveness was assessed in five shaved rabbits exposed to 6 hours of daily UV-A radiation for 14 days. Each treated rabbit's dorsal skin, exposed to UV-A, was divided into five areas for cream application over 28 days: area I was applied with a negative control (ointment base), area II with a positive control, and areas III-V with a series concentrations of the extract cream of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Anti-aging parameters, including collagen and elasticity percentages measured with a skin analyzer at pre-exposure (T0), after 14 days (T1), and after 28 days of cream application (T2). The result demonstrated that the 6% concentration yielded the most significant effects. The tested cream met high physical quality standards, showcasing potential as a promising anti-aging formulation.

evaluation of drug management at the planning stage for procurement, storage and distribution at community health center X Kampar, Riau

Denia Pratiwi — 2024-12-28

The importance of a series of drug management in a health care system cannot be ignored, because if it is not done efficiently, it will have a negative impact on the health centre both in medical, social and economic terms. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of drug management related to the processes of planning, procurement, storage and distribution of drugs at the Puskesmas X Kampar with the Pharmaceutical Service Standards (PSS) 2019. This study uses a type of qualitative research using interview techniques, observation and completion of checklist sheets. The data from the checklist sheet, observation sheet and interview guidelines were processed and analysed using the content analysis method. The results showed that Puskesmas X Kampar in planning was not in accordance with the Pharmaceutical Service Standards (PSS) 2019, in drug procurement and distribution Puskesmas X Kampar was in accordance with the PSS at Puskesmas. For storage, there were still some that were not in accordance with the PSS 2019 such as not having pallets, high alert drugs were not specially marked, flammable materials such as pharmaceutical preparations and consumable medical materials (CMM) were not stored in a separate place from other drugs and the refrigerator was in a damaged.

Stability Test and Antioxidant Test of Peel-off Gel Mask of Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) Against Physical Characteristics

Wahyu Setiyaningsih — 2024-12-28

The telang flower plant (Clitoria ternatea L.), especially its flowers, contains high antioxidants. This antioxidant activity can inhibit free radicals and can function as anti-aging. Antioxidants are one of the components in cosmetics that are needed to be anti-radical. Therefore, researchers want to know the correct formulation for butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) as an antioxidant in peel-off gel mask preparations with varying concentrations of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC). The research method used is an experimental method. This research includes extracting butterfly pea flowers using the maceration method with 70% ethanol. The manufacturing method is developed using hot aqua PVA and HPMC which is formulated into a Peel-Off gel mask. The peel-off gel mask preparations that have been made are tested for quality control which includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, spreadability test, stickiness test, dry time test, and preference test. Peel-off masks with a variety of PVA and HPMC bases affect the viscosity, spreadability, adhesion and dry time test of peel-off gel mask preparations with ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers.